January is Cervical Cancer Awareness Month, a time to raise awareness about cervical cancer, its risk factors, and the steps women can take to protect their health. Thanks to regular screening and early detection, cervical cancer deaths have declined significantly over the past several decades — yet thousands of women are still diagnosed each year.
The Importance of Screening
Cervical cancer is often preventable and highly treatable when caught early. Routine screening plays a critical role in detecting abnormal cervical cell changes before they develop into cancer. Women should begin cervical cancer screening at age 21.
“Regular screening is one of the most effective tools we have to prevent cervical cancer, said Dr. Luis Ruiz, a member of the medical staff at Big Bend Regional Medical Center.“ Even though outcomes have improved over time, it’s still important for women to stay up to date on screenings and understand their personal risk.”
Understanding Screening Tests
Two primary tests help screen for cervical cancer:
- Pap test (Pap smear): Detects precancerous or abnormal cervical cells that could develop into cancer if left untreated.
- HPV test: Looks for high-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV) that can cause cervical cancer. These tests can be done separately or together, depending on a woman’s age and health history.
What Is HPV?
HPV is a very common virus spread through skin-to-skin contact. Most people will be exposed at some point in their lifetime, and in many cases, the body clears the virus naturally. However, when certain high-risk strains persist, they can lead to cervical cancer over time.
Screening Guidelines
General screening recommendations include:
- Ages 21–29: Pap test every 3 years
- Ages 30–65:
- HPV test every 5 years, or
- Pap test and HPV test together every 5 years, or
- Pap test alone every 3 years
- Over 65: Screening may stop if prior test results have been normal and there is no history of cervical precancer
- Women with a history of abnormal results may need continued screening beyond age 65
Patients should talk with their healthcare provider about the screening schedule that’s right for them.
Prevention Through Vaccination
The HPV vaccine protects against the types of HPV most commonly linked to cervical cancer. It is recommended for preteens ages 11–12 and can be given as early as age 9. Vaccination is also recommended for individuals up to aged 26 or younger who were not previously vaccinated. Some adults ages 27–45 may also benefit after discussing risks and benefits with their provider.
Even vaccinated individuals should continue routine cervical cancer screening.
“Many women feel anxious about cancer screening, but cervical cancer screening is simple, effective, and lifesaving,”said Dr. Luis Ruiz, a member of the medical staff at Big Bend Regional Medical Center. “These routine tests give patients and providers the chance to act early and protect long-term health.”
Early detection saves lives. Scheduling routine screenings, understanding HPV risks, and discussing vaccination with a healthcare provider are simple but powerful steps women can take to protect their health.
To learn more or schedule an appointment, contact Big Bend Regional Health Clinic or speak with your primary care provider.
Dr. Luis Ruiz is an OBGYN and a member of the medical staff at Big Bend Regional Medical Center.
Sources: CDC