March is Colon Cancer Awareness Month, a chance to brush up on the facts about colorectal cancer, one of the most preventable—and treatable—cancers when detected early.
Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer diagnosed in both men and women in the United States. Yet many cases can be prevented through routine screening and healthy lifestyle choices. Early detection makes all the difference. When colon cancer is caught early, the five-year survival rate is more than 90%.
According to the American Cancer Society, most colorectal cancers begin as growths on the inner lining of the colon or rectum. These growths are called polyps. Most polyps are benign, or non-cancerous. Some types of polyps can change into cancer over time (usually over many years). The chance of a polyp turning into cancer depends on its type:
- Adenomatous polyps (adenomas): These polyps sometimes change into cancer. Because of this, adenomas are considered precancerous. The three types of adenomas are tubular, villous, and tubulovillous. Tubular adenomas are the most common type of adenomatous polyps. Villous adenomas are the least common type of adenomatous polyps, but are more likely to change into cancer.
- Hyperplastic polyps and inflammatory polyps: These polyps are more common but, in general, are not precancerous. Some people with large (more than 1cm) hyperplastic polyps might need colorectal cancer screening with colonoscopy more often.
- Sessile serrated polyps (SSP) and traditional serrated adenomas (TSA): These polyps are often treated like adenomas because they have a higher risk of changing into cancer.
Why Screening Matters
Colon cancer often develops without noticeable symptoms in its early stages. That’s why screening is so critical. Today, screening guidelines recommend that adults begin routine colorectal cancer screening at age 45, or earlier if they have certain risk factors such as:
- Family history of colorectal cancer
- Personal history of inflammatory bowel disease
- Genetic syndromes linked to colon cancer
- Obesity or a sedentary lifestyle
Screening options include colonoscopy, stool-based tests, and other diagnostic methods. Colonoscopy remains the gold standard because it not only detects cancer but can remove precancerous polyps before they develop into cancer.
“Colorectal cancer doesn’t always present obvious warning signs, and it can affect otherwise healthy individuals,” said Dr. Benavides, a member of the medical staff at Big Bend Regional Medical Center. “Rates have been increasing in people under 55, but the good news is, with routine screening, we can detect and remove precancerous polyps before they become cancer.”
Know the Symptoms
While screening is key, patients should also be aware of warning signs, including:
- Persistent changes in bowel habits
- Blood in the stool
- Unexplained weight los
- Ongoing abdominal discomfort
- Fatigue or weaknes
If you experience these symptoms, talk to your healthcare provider.
Prevention Starts with Lifestyle
In addition to screening, healthy habits can reduce your risk:
- Eat a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains
- Limit red and processed meats
- Exercise regularly
- Maintain a healthy weight
- Avoid tobacco and limit alcohol use
By prioritizing routine screenings and healthy habits, individuals can significantly lower their risk and protect their long-term health.
For more information about colorectal cancer screening or to schedule an appointment, contact Big Bend Surgical Associates at 432-837-0400.
Dr. Benavides is the General Surgeon at Big Bend Regional Medical Center.